Hormonal

PT-141

Bremelanotide / melanocortin receptor agonist

FDA-approved as Vyleesi 1.75 mg/0.3 mL autoinjector for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women; not approved for men, performance enhancement, or research-vial formulations.

What does it do?

Acquired, generalized HSDD

Study

Vyleesi is approved for premenopausal women meeting the label criteria.2

Male erectile-function

Community

Reported in community summaries; Vyleesi is not approved for men.4 2

Molecular information

3 2

Amino-acid sequence

Residue count only · sequence not verified3 2

An exact sequence has not been verified for this formulation.

Length7 amino acids

Molecular weight · Da1025.2 Da

Molecular formulaC₅₀H₆₈N₁₄O₁₀3 2

Parent-peptide mass; the approved injection contains the acetate salt.

Pharmacokinetics

Data shown

Human data

Reported half-lifeAbout 2.7 hours2

Route / formulationSubcutaneous Vyleesi injection

Elapsed time 2.7 h

50%of reference level

Illustrative model using reported human data.

About 3% remaining after 9.5 h–20 h

Five half-lives in this simplified model. This is not a prediction of when effects stop.

About this estimate

Mean terminal half-life after one approved-formulation dose; reported range 1.9–4.0 hours. Median Tmax is about 1 hour, which is a separate measure.

Population: Human clinical pharmacology studies in the label

100 × 2^{−time / half-life}. Time zero is a reference level, not the moment of administration. Absorption, repeated dosing, metabolites and clinical effects are not modeled. Five half-lives leaves 3.125%, not zero. This curve cannot determine a dosing interval.

What to expect

Study outcomes

Modest symptom-score improvement

Two phase 3 trials found placebo-adjusted changes of +0.35 on the desire measure and −0.33 on distress; satisfying sexual-event counts did not significantly differ.1

Reported timelines

Reference & community

Source expectations

Injection 45–90 min, peak 2–4 h, waning 6–12 h; nasal 30–45 min, peak 2–3 h, waning 6–10 h; nasal efficacy unestablished.11

These are reported timelines, not a prediction of your response.

Doses & schedules

Route

Scroll to compare all columns →

One row for each documented route and dose or dose range
Route	Dose	Frequency	Goal / evidence	Duration	References
SubQSubcutaneous autoinjector	1.75 mg / 0.3 mL	As needed, at least 45 minutes before sexual activity	HSDD symptom treatmentPremenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDDProduct label	Stop after 8 weeks without improvement	2
Population Premenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDD Context Maximum one dose per 24 hours; more than eight monthly is not recommended.
SubQSubQ (abdomen/thigh)	1.75 mg	As needed, max 1 dose/24hr	Female HSDD (FDA-approved)Reference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Injectable
SubQ	1-2 mg	As needed, 45-60min before activity	Male Erectile DysfunctionReference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Injectable
SubQ	0.75-1.25 mg	As needed, max 1 dose/24hr	Female Arousal DisorderReference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Injectable
SubQ	0.5 mgStarting dose	Test dose to assess tolerance	Low Starting DoseReference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Injectable
IntranasalNasal spray	1.5-2 mg	As needed, 30-45min before	Male ED - StandardReference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Nasal
IntranasalNasal spray	1-1.5 mg	As needed, max 1 dose/24hr	Female Sexual DysfunctionReference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Nasal
IntranasalNasal spray	0.5-1 mg	Test dose for tolerance	Initial Trial DoseReference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Nasal
IntranasalNasal spray	2-3 mg	Only if lower doses ineffective	Maximum ResponseReference report	No cycling needed - use as required	11
Population Population not independently verified; see the reference and linked research. Context Reported in Pep-Pedia’s educational protocol table. Study attribution and applicability to this exact product are not independently established. Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning. Source tabs Nasal

Study and label doses retain their study context. Reference reports are unvalidated practices, not personal treatment instructions. Ranges remain ranges; escalation stages are labeled.

Cycles & timing

Reference reports11

Reported use periods and breaks. These do not establish a safe cycle or prove that breaks prevent tolerance.

Injectable

Use period: No cycling needed - use as required
Break: Minimum 24 hours between doses

Reported timing

45-60 minutes before anticipated sexual activity

Nasal

Use period: No cycling needed - use as required
Break: Minimum 24 hours between doses

Reported timing

30-45 minutes before anticipated sexual activity

Side effects & safety

Blood pressure

Transient pressure increases and heart-rate decreases occur. Vyleesi is contraindicated with uncontrolled hypertension or known cardiovascular disease.

Nausea

Nausea affected 40% of Vyleesi-treated trial patients.

Pigmentation

Focal hyperpigmentation can occur and may persist.

Pregnancy

The label advises effective contraception and discontinuation when pregnancy is suspected.

Additional reported cautions

Reference reports11

BP correction

Label: transient BP increase and heart-rate decrease. Contraindicated with uncontrolled hypertension or known cardiovascular disease.

Common

Nausea, flushing, headache, skin darkening; nasal irritation/bleeding.

Urgent

Chest pain, severe vomiting, vision/headache changes, allergy or erection over four hours.

Not a complete safety screen. Discuss health decisions with a qualified clinician.

Combinations & interactions

10 entries

Check cautions and reported pairings. A compatibility claim does not establish that a combination is safe.

Sildenafil / tadalafil

Caution reported

BP effects require assessment.11

Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Monitor Combination

Melanotan II

Caution reported

Melanocortin overlap.11

Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Use Caution

Antihypertensives

Caution reported

BP response.11

Reference report · Evidence context: Monitor combination

Alcohol

Caution reported

Adverse effects.11

Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Use Caution

Nitrates

Avoidance reported

Reference warning; not label-established contraindication.11

Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Avoid Combination

Kisspeptin

Caution reported

Untested pairing.11

Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Monitor Combination

Oral naltrexone

Label warning

Vyleesi reduces naltrexone exposure; avoid combination when naltrexone treats alcohol or opioid addiction.2

Research context

Oral medicines

Label warning

Slower gastric emptying may alter oral-drug absorption, especially when prompt absorption is essential.2

Research context

BPC-157

Unverified pairing

Untested pairing.11

Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Compatible

Testosterone

Unverified pairing

Unproven pairing.11

Reference report · Pep-Pedia label: Synergistic

Reconstitution calculator

Enter your peptide amount and container size. Get a volume and a simple measurement scale.

1How much peptide do you have?

Total labeled amount of PT-141.

2How much can your container hold?

Usable capacity of the destination vial or pen cartridge.

Measure with

1 dial unit = 0.01 mL on the documented V2 model. Confirm your pen’s scale.

Vial examples & blend contents PT-141

Peptide reference

Listed amounts are packaging examples. Check your actual label.

Suggested final volume mL

Estimated water to add≈ mL

For dry powder, assuming negligible volume displacement. Use bacteriostatic water only if the formulation specifies it.

1 pen unit (one dial step)=

Measurement scale Conversions, not recommended doses
Pen units	Amount	Volume

Other simple scales

Convert a specific amount

Enter an amount to calculate its volume and device setting.

Amount to measure

Measuring-tool capacity

Calculation & assumptions

The suggestion favors a simple 1, 2, or 5 × power-of-ten amount per unit, then the largest final volume that fits. It does not choose a dose or a biologically suitable concentration.

The water estimate applies only to dry powder and assumes negligible powder displacement. Final solution volume, specified diluent, solubility, stability, sterility, cartridge compatibility, and working fill limits must be established separately. No allowance is made for priming or transfer losses.

V2 measurement specification ↗Bacteriostatic water: formulation instructions ↗

Reconstitution

Ready to use — no reconstitution

Vyleesi is a prefilled, single-dose autoinjector; research powder is a different product.2

Product boundary

No manufacturer-validated mixing recipe for research PT-141 powder is established by the Vyleesi label.2

Reference preparation details

Reported handling information, not a validated formulation or instruction to prepare an injectable product.

Injectable

Pep-Pedia describes preparation for this route; product-specific stability has not been independently verified.

Solvents mentioned: Bacteriostatic water
Reported parameters: Source temperature: 2-8°C.

The source describes gentle mixing and avoiding vigorous shaking.

Nasal

The nasal-specific section names saline and a calibrated spray volume.

Solvents mentioned: Sterile saline
Reported parameters: Reported refrigerated interval: 14 days.

Appearance & documentation

Appearance and a purity certificate cannot establish sterility, identity, or suitability for injection.

Reported appearanceFDA-approved pharmaceutical gradeReported appearanceWhite crystalline powderReported appearanceClear solution when reconstitutedReported concernColored or oily appearanceReported variationCompounded versionsReported appearanceProper labeling with concentration

Vial sizes

10mg5

Packaging examples, not a market survey. Approved and research products are not interchangeable.

Storage after mixing

Reconstituted research vials

Pep-Pedia reports these handling limits after mixing. They are not validated stability or sterility limits for your vial.

Injectable

Unverified report11

2–8°C · 30 days

Nasal

Unverified report11

2–8°C · 14 days

Storage notes

Injectable

Refrigerate reconstituted solution (2-8°C), use within 30 days

Nasal

Refrigerate nasal spray solution (2-8°C), use within 14 days

Storage depends on the formulation, diluent, container, and handling. Follow the specific product label or pharmacist’s instructions.

Pen & syringe measurements

Device units measure volume. Concentration determines the amount in mg.

Open calculator ↗

V2 peptide pen

1 notch = 0.01 mL

Documented 1-unit V2 models

One dial increment: 1 unit
Cartridge capacity: 3 mL
Maximum setting: 60 units · 0.60 mL

Use the numbered dose window. Whole-unit settings only; confirm the specification for your exact model.

U-100 syringe

1 unit = 0.01 mL

100 units = 1 mL

10 units: 0.10 mL
30-unit capacity: 0.30 mL
50 / 100-unit capacity: 0.50 / 1 mL

Read the printed unit scale. A small line may represent 0.5, 1, or 2 units depending on the syringe.

Other measuring tools

Use the mL scale

mL syringes and calibrated pipettes

0.01 mL: 10 µL
0.10 mL: 100 µL
Amount: mL × mg/mL

Drops, sprays and other pen clicks need their own verified volume per increment. They have no universal conversion.

3 mL is cartridge capacity. It does not mean you must prepare or load 3 mL. The original vial and the pen cartridge are different containers. This reference compares measurement scales; it does not establish product or route compatibility.

Device references

AVERON V2 specifications ↗SilverLeaf V2 unit reference ↗FDA: syringe unit conversions ↗Specifications checked October 12, 2026.

Evidence limits

View findings →

Research-powder equivalence to the approved autoinjector.1

4 distinct primary sources or abstracts checked. Evidence may concern a parent compound, individual blend ingredient, animal, or cell model; it does not necessarily establish a benefit for this exact product.

Evidence definitions →

Research findings

Human trials

Source context

Pep-Pedia reverses the BP direction; the label does not contain the claimed boxed warning.

Compound identity & other names

Bremelanotide acts through melanocortin signaling. Randomized trials support modest improvements in sexual desire and related distress in premenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDD; findings are not a blanket endorsement for performance enhancement.

Other names: bremelanotide · Vyleesi · PT141

FDA-approved as Vyleesi 1.75 mg/0.3 mL autoinjector for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women; not approved for men, performance enhancement, or research-vial formulations.

Bremelanotide (PT-141), a cyclic melanocortin-receptor agonist.3 2

How it may work

Central melanocortin receptor activation affects sexual-desire pathways.11

Modest improvements on desire and distress scales

Two 24-week trials randomized 1,267 women. The pooled treatment differences were +0.35 on the desire-domain score and −0.33 on distress related to low desire versus placebo. These are scale-point differences, not percentages.

Differences across sexual-function outcomes

The trials did not find a significant between-group difference in satisfying sexual events associated with study medication. Nausea, flushing, and headache were more frequent with bremelanotide.

Source checks & newer research

Vyleesi prescribing information

Approved for acquired generalized HSDD in premenopausal women. Raises BP transiently, lowers heart rate, and is contraindicated in uncontrolled hypertension/known cardiovascular disease; not indicated for sexual performance enhancement.

Approved product label12

Research areas and evidence gaps

Acquired, generalized HSDD. Vyleesi is approved for premenopausal women meeting the label criteria.2

Research-powder equivalence to the approved autoinjector.
How well results generalize to men, postmenopausal women, or other causes of low desire.

Additional uses listed by Pep-Pedia

Approved use. Acquired generalized HSDD in premenopausal women.11

Other goals. ED, arousal, sexual satisfaction, distress and performance anxiety; no approved performance-enhancement indication.11

Community reports Unvalidated

PepPedia also discusses male erectile-function use. That use is outside Vyleesi's approved indication.4

PepPedia's editorial protocol summary, not measured community consensus. Benefits, product identity, and safety are not independently verified; these reported practices are not recommendations. The approved product arrives ready to use and is not reconstituted.

Search coverage and review status

No additional newer efficacy paper was verified in this targeted check. Preserved the checked pivotal studies and formulation-specific Vyleesi label.

Checked: 2026-10-12
Search: "bremelanotide" 2025 2026 trial
Catalog: Pep-Pedia ↗ · 4 listed references retained

Targeted search and selected primary-source checks, not an exhaustive systematic review.
Preserved bibliography entries marked unreviewed have not had their findings independently verified.

AI-prepared summaries. Independent medical editorial review is pending.

Community poll 10 topics · Pep-Pedia snapshot

Voluntary, unverified reports. These percentages do not measure effectiveness or safety.

Topic

Primary goal

General wellness19%

Other (please specify)13%

Other: Libido9%

Other: Sexual 3%

Other: Sexual enhancement 3%

The source hides 52 additional categories. Their labels and percentages are unavailable.

Number of responses to this question: not disclosed.

Source & limitations

The source displays “1181 responses” for this profile. This is not a confirmed participant count or a denominator for individual questions.

Voluntary self-reports from Pep-Pedia visitors; identity, treatment, outcomes and timing are unverified. These data are not efficacy or safety estimates.
The source displays a profile-wide response label, not a confirmed unique participant count. It stays unchanged across questions. Question-specific denominators and absolute option counts are not exposed.
Only the top five categories are displayed for some questions. Extra categories are retained as an undisplayed-category count; their labels and percentages are unavailable.
Displayed percentages are rounded. They may not total 100%, especially where categories are hidden.
This is a dated snapshot, not a live survey or current recommendation.

References

Original sources and review status. Open a reference to read its summary.

12 sources

1Bremelanotide: two randomized phase III trialsTrial · 2019 · pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAbstract checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

The RECONNECT studies found statistically significant but modest improvements in desire and distress scores; satisfying-event counts did not significantly differ.

Modest improvements on desire and distress scales

Differences across sexual-function outcomes

The trials did not find a significant between-group difference in satisfying sexual events associated with study medication. Nausea, flushing, and headache were more frequent with bremelanotide.

Original source

2Vyleesi full prescribing informationRegulator · 2024 · vyleesi.comPrimary source checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Product-specific indication, limits, and blood-pressure, nausea, pigmentation, and drug-interaction warnings.

Original source

3PubChem: Bremelanotide, CID 9941379Registry · 2026 · pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.govPrimary source checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Parent-peptide formula C50H68N14O10 and molecular weight 1025.2 g/mol; separate from acetate counterions.

Original source

4PepPedia: reported practices (accessed October 12, 2026)Community · 2026 · pep-pedia.orgCommunity source checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Secondary editorial account of discussed practices; not a clinical trial or representative survey.

Original source

5Research catalog: labeled quantitiesCatalog · 2026 · biopeptideslabs.comCatalog checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Lists 10 mg lyophilized material per vial. Quantity examples only; vendor quality and suitability are not endorsed.

Original source

6FDA Approval Trial for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (2019)No study link suppliedReference · Accessed 2026 · pep-pedia.orgPep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Pep-Pedia reports: Premenopausal HSDD trials found improved desire and reduced distress; the source's percentage metric needs definition before interpreting its magnitude.

Reported population / model
Human

Reported study details
1.75mg subcutaneous · As needed · 24.5% improvement vs 17.2% placebo

Pep-Pedia supplies no original study link for this card. Study identity, design, doses and result remain unverified. No study link supplied

Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗

Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12

Source report

7Male Erectile Dysfunction Clinical Trial (2017)No study link suppliedReference · Accessed 2026 · pep-pedia.orgPep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Pep-Pedia reports: Intranasal bremelanotide studies reportedly produced erectile responses in men; that route and use differ from an approved subcutaneous product.

Reported population / model
Human

Reported study details
1-20mg intranasal · Single dose · Dose-dependent erectile response

Pep-Pedia supplies no original study link for this card. Study identity, design, doses and result remain unverified. No study link supplied

Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗

Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12

Source report

8Mechanism of Action Study (2016)No study link suppliedReference · Accessed 2026 · pep-pedia.orgPep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Pep-Pedia reports: Laboratory work implicates central melanocortin signaling in arousal; receptor selectivity and clinical effects require formulation-specific evidence.

Reported population / model
In vitro + Animal

Reported study details
Various doses · Receptor binding assays

Pep-Pedia supplies no original study link for this card. Study identity, design, doses and result remain unverified. No study link supplied

Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗

Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12

Source report

9Female Sexual Arousal Disorder Trial (2013)No study link suppliedReference · Accessed 2026 · pep-pedia.orgPep-Pedia report · Primary source not checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Pep-Pedia reports: The source claims better genital-flow and arousal measures in women; menopausal status and trial attribution require verification.

Reported population / model
Human

Reported study details
0.75-1.25mg subcutaneous · Single dose · Improved arousal metrics

Pep-Pedia supplies no original study link for this card. Study identity, design, doses and result remain unverified. No study link supplied

Read the Pep-Pedia report ↗

Pep-Pedia reference card; original summary of its reported findings · Checked 2026-10-12

Source report

10Pep-Pedia: PT-141 — reported pharmacokineticsReference estimate; not independently verified human PKCommunity · 2026 · pep-pedia.orgCommunity source checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Lists a half-life of 2.7 hrs and a peak time of 1 hr. Stated attribution: Vyleesi prescribing information (2019). This value is reported by a secondary reference. The stated attribution has not been independently verified as a route- and formulation-matched human PK measurement. Five half-lives is not complete clearance, and the source’s “cleared” value is not used as a measured endpoint.

Secondary reference page checked; the underlying quantitative claim is not independently confirmed. · Checked 2026-10-12

Original source

11Pep-Pedia: PT-141 — route-specific referenceReference page checked; underlying claims require separate verification.Community · Checked 2026 · pep-pedia.orgCommunity source checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Source page checked across available routes. Protocols, cycles, storage, mechanisms and pairing claims are secondary reports; checking the page does not independently validate those claims. Original concise summaries are used here.

Content coverage audit · Checked 2026-10-12

Original source

12Vyleesi prescribing informationRegulator · 2019 · dailymed.nlm.nih.govPrimary source checked

AI-PREPARED SUMMARY

Vyleesi prescribing information

Additional primary-source check · Checked 2026-10-12

Original source

What does it do?

Acquired, generalized HSDD

Male erectile-function

Molecular information

Amino-acid sequence

Pharmacokinetics

About this estimate

About this estimate

What to expect

Study outcomes

Modest symptom-score improvement

Reported timelines

Source expectations

Doses & schedules

Cycles & timing

Injectable

Reported timing

Nasal

Reported timing

Side effects & safety

Blood pressure

Nausea

Pigmentation

Pregnancy

Additional reported cautions

BP correction

Common

Urgent

Combinations & interactions

Sildenafil / tadalafil

Melanotan II

Antihypertensives

Alcohol

Nitrates

Kisspeptin

Oral naltrexone

Oral medicines

BPC-157

Testosterone

Reconstitution calculator

Ingredients per unit

Reconstitution

Product boundary

Reference preparation details

Injectable

Nasal

Appearance & documentation

Vial sizes

Storage after mixing

Reconstituted research vials

Injectable

Nasal

Storage notes

Pen & syringe measurements

1 notch = 0.01 mL

1 unit = 0.01 mL

Use the mL scale

Evidence limits

Research findings

Source context

How it may work

Modest improvements on desire and distress scales

Differences across sexual-function outcomes

Source checks & newer research

Vyleesi prescribing information

Research areas and evidence gaps

Additional uses listed by Pep-Pedia

Community reports Unvalidated

Experience

Duration of use

Age range

Gender

Primary goal

Effectiveness

Side effects

Dosage frequency

Would recommend

How discovered

References

Related profiles